Khums is an important financial obligation in Islam, derived from the Arabic word meaning "one-fifth." It refers to the practice of paying 20% of certain forms of income or surplus wealth, primarily in Shia Islam, though it is also acknowledged in Sunni jurisprudence with different applications. The concept is rooted in the Quran (Surah Al-Anfal, 8:41) and is considered a form of purification and redistribution of wealth. Khums is traditionally divided into two equal parts: one for the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad (known as Sayyids) to support their financial needs, and the other allocated to religious authorities or charitable causes to sustain Islamic institutions and assist the community. This obligation serves as a mechanism to ensure social justice, support scholars and religious leadership, and contribute to the welfare of society.

Zakat is a fundamental pillar of Islam, representing a mandatory charitable contribution aimed at purifying wealth and fostering social justice. In Shia Islam, the concept of Zakat carries significant importance, though its application has unique nuances compared to Sunni practices. Shia jurisprudence identifies specific categories of wealth subject to Zakat, such as agricultural produce, livestock, gold, silver, and certain forms of trade goods, with rates prescribed in Islamic law.

However, Shia scholars emphasize that Zakat is not the only form of obligatory charity; Khums is also central to their financial obligations. While Zakat focuses on a narrower range of assets, its distribution is meticulously outlined, targeting eight specific groups as mentioned in the Quran (Surah At-Tawbah, 9:60), including the poor, the needy, and those working to collect Zakat.

Zakat, in Shia belief, is seen not only as a means to alleviate poverty but also as an act of spiritual purification and a way to strengthen community ties. Additionally, Shia Muslims believe that the rightful authority to manage and distribute Zakat lies with the Imam of the time or their representatives, which adds a layer of spiritual accountability to its practice. In the absence of the Imam, qualified religious scholars (Mujtahids) are entrusted to oversee its proper utilization for the welfare of society.

Sadaqa in Shia Islam is a voluntary act of charity that holds great spiritual and social significance. Unlike Zakat and Khums, which are obligatory forms of financial worship, Sadaqa is a highly recommended practice aimed at supporting the needy, alleviating suffering, and earning spiritual rewards. Shia teachings emphasize that Sadaqa can take various forms, including monetary contributions, offering food, or even acts of kindness. It is not limited to material wealth and extends to good deeds, such as guiding someone, comforting a distressed person, or spreading knowledge.

The practice of Sadaqa is deeply rooted in the Quran and Hadith. The Quran highlights its role in purifying the soul and earning Allah's blessings (e.g., Surah Al-Baqarah 2:272). Shia traditions also stress the protective aspect of Sadaqa, as it is believed to avert calamities, prolong life, and ward off misfortunes. According to narrations from the Ahlul Bayt (the family of Prophet Muhammad), even a small act of charity given sincerely for Allah's sake is immensely valuable.

Sadaqa, in Shia belief, is an ongoing expression of compassion and selflessness. It is often given discreetly to preserve the dignity of recipients, following the prophetic example of helping others without expecting recognition. Whether given publicly or privately, Sadaqa symbolizes a believer's commitment to social equity and moral responsibility, making it a cornerstone of Shia ethical teachings.